This section contains a selection of research studies concerning Static-99R, Static-2002R, STABLE-2007, ACUTE-2007, and Risk Matrix – 2000.
Additional studies are available to affiliates, scale users, and trainers on the Resources for all affliates page.
💥denotes new resources
STATIC-99R AND STATIC-2002R
💥Ahmed, Lee & Helmus (2023). Predictive Accuracy of Static-99R Across Different Racial/Ethnic Groups: A Meta-Analysis
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💥HANSON, LEE & THORNTON (IN PRESS, 2022). LONG TERM RECIDIVISM RATES AMONG INDIVIDUALS AT HIGH RISK TO SEXUALLY REOFFEND. SEXUAL ABUSE.
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💥Helmus et al (in press) Static-99R_Strengths, limitations, predictive accuracy meta-analysis, and legal admissibility review. Psychology, Public Policy and Law
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Helmus, L. M., Hanson, R. K., Murrie, D. C., & Zabarauckas, C. L. (in press 2021). Field validity of Static-99R and STABLE-2007 with 4,433 men serving sentences for sexual offences in British Columbia: New findings and meta-analysis. Psychological Assessment.
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Lee, S. C., & Hanson, R. K. (2021). Updated 5-year and new 10-year sexual recidivism rate norms for Static-99R with routine/complete samples. Law and human behavior, 45(1), 24–38.
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Lee, S. C., & Hanson, R. K. (2021). Supplemental material for “Updated 5-year and new 10-year sexual recidivism rate norms for Static-99R with routine/complete samples. Law and Human Behavior.
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Lee, S. C., Hanson, R. K., & Blais, J. (2020). Predictive accuracy of the Static-99R and Static-2002R risk tools for identifying Indigenous and White individuals at high risk for sexual recidivism in Canada. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 61(1), 42-57.
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Hanson, R. K., Babchishin, K. M., Helmus, L. M., Thornton, D., & Phenix, A. (2017). Communicating the results of criterion referenced prediction measures: Risk categories for the Static-99R and Static-2002R sexual offender risk assessment tools. Psychological Assessment, 29(5), 582.
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Lee, S. C., Restrepo, A., Satariano, A., & Hanson, R. K. (2016). The predictive validity of Static-99R for sexual offenders in California: 2016 update. State Authorized Risk Assessment Tools for Sex Offenders (SARATSO), http://www.saratso.org/docs/ThePredictiveValidity_of_Static-99R_forSexualOffenders_inCalifornia-2016v1.pdf
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Lee, S. C., & Hanson, R. K. (2016). Recidivism risk factors are correlated with a history of psychiatric hospitalization among sex offenders. Psychological Services, 13(3), 261–271.
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Hanson, R. K., Thornton, D., Helmus, L. M., & Babchishin, K. M. (2016). What sexual recidivism rates are associated with Static-99R and Static-2002R scores?. Sexual Abuse, 28(3), 218-252.
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Babchishin, K. M., Hanson, R. K., & Blais, J. (2016). Less Is More: Using Static-2002R Subscales to Predict Violent and General Recidivism Among Sexual Offenders. Sexual Abuse, 28(3), 187–217.
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Hanson, R.K., Lunetta, A, Phenix, A., Neeley, J., & Epperson, D. (2014). The field validity of Static-99/R sex offender risk assessment tool in California. Journal of Threat Assessment and Management, 1(2), 102-117.
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Hanson, R. K., Babchishin, K. M., Helmus, L., & Thornton, D. (2013). Quantifying the relative risk of sex offenders: Risk ratios for Static-99R. Sexual Abuse, 25(5), 482-515.
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Babchishin, K. M., Blais, J., & Helmus, L. (2012). Do static risk factors predict differently for Aboriginal sex offenders? A multi-site comparison using the original and revised Static-99 and Static-2002 scales. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 54(1), 1-43.
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Babchishin, K. M., Hanson, R. K., & Helmus, L. (2012). Communicating risk for sex offenders: Risk ratios for Static-2002R. Sexual Offender Treatment, 7(2), 1-12.
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Babchishin, K. M., Hanson, R. K., & Helmus, L. (2012). Even highly correlated measures can add incrementally to predicting recidivism among sex offenders. Assessment, 19(4), 442-461.
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Hanson, R. K., & Thornton, D. (2012). Preselection effects can explain group differences in sexual recidivism base rates in Static-99R validation studies. In 31st Annual Research and Treatment Conference of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers, Denver, CO.
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Helmus, L., Hanson, R. K., Thornton, D., Babchishin, K. M., & Harris, A. J. (2012). Absolute recidivism rates predicted by Static-99R and Static-2002R sex offender risk assessment tools vary across samples: A meta-analysis. Criminal justice and behavior, 39(9), 1148-1171.
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Hanson, R. K., Lloyd, C. D., Helmus, L., & Thornton, D. (2012). Developing non-arbitrary metrics for risk communication: Percentile ranks for the Static-99/R and Static-2002/R sexual offender risk tools. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 11(1), 9-23.
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Helmus, L., Thornton, D., Hanson, R. K., & Babchishin, K. M. (2012). Improving the predictive accuracy of Static-99 and Static-2002 with older sex offenders: Revised age weights. Sexual Abuse, 24(1), 64-101.
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Babchishin, K.M., Hanson, R. K., Helmus, L M. (2011). The RRASOR, Static-99R, and Static-2002R all add incrementally to the prediction of recidivism among sex offenders. (Corrections Research User Report 2011:01, Ottawa, ON, Public Safety.
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Static–99
Hanson, R. K. , Sheahan, C. L., & VanZuylen, H. (2013). Static-99 and RRASOR predict recidivism among developmentally delayed sexual offenders: A cumulative meta-analysis. Sexual Offender Treatment, 8, 1-14.
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Thornton, D., Hanson, R. K., & Helmus, L. (2011). Moving beyond the standard model for actuarial assessment for sex offenders. Perspectives: The Quarterly Newsletter of the California Coalition on Sex Offending.
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Anderson, D., & Hanson, R. K. (2010). Static-99: An actuarial tool to assess risk of sexual and violent recidivism among sexual offenders. In R. K. Otto & K. S. Douglas (Eds.), Handbook of violence risk assessment (pp. 251-267). Routlegde.
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Helmus, L. (2009). Re-norming Static-99 recidivism estimates: Exploring base rate variability across sex offender samples (Doctoral dissertation, Carleton University).
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Static-99 replications: Violent and any recidivism effect sizes (Helmus, 2008).
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Annotated bibliography of Static-99 replications with tables (Helmus, 2008).
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Hanson, R. K. (2006). Does Static-99 predict recidivism among older sexual offenders?. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 18(4), 343-355.
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Hanson, R. K., & Thornton, D. (2000). Improving risk assessments for sex offenders: A comparison of three actuarial scales. Law and Human behavior, 24(1), 119-136.
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Helmus, L. (2009). can also be obtained from Digital Dissertations: Helmus, L. (2009). Re-norming Static-99 recidivism estimates: Exploring base rate variability across sex offender samples (Master’s thesis). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. MR58443).
Static-2002
Hanson, R. K., Helmus, L., & Thornton, D. (2010). Predicting recidivism amongst sexual offenders: A multi-site study of Static-2002. Law and Human Behavior, 34(3), 198-211.
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Helmus, L. M., & Hanson, R. K. (2007). Predictive validity of the Static-99 and Static-2002 for sex offenders on community supervision. Sexual Offender Treatment, 2(2), 1-14.
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Hanson, R. K., & Thornton, D. (2003). Notes on the development of Static-2002 (User Report 2003-01). Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Department of the Solicitor General of Canada, 208.
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STABLE-2007 and ACUTE-2007
💥Babchishin, K. M., Dibayula, S., McCulloch, C., Hanson, R. K., Helmus, L. M. (in press 2023). Predict Recidivism For Men Adjudicated For Child Sexual Exploitation Material Offending
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💥LEE, S. C., BABCHISHIN, K. M., MULARCZYK, K. P., & HANSON, R. K. (2022-08, IN PRESS). DYNAMIC RISK SCALES DEGRADE OVER TIME: EVIDENCE FOR REASSESSMENTS. ASSESSMENT.
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Helmus, L. M., Hanson, R. K., Murrie, D. C., & Zabarauckas, C. L. (in press 2021). Field validity of Static-99R and STABLE-2007 with 4,433 men serving sentences for sexual offences in British Columbia: New findings and meta-analysis. Psychological Assessment.
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Hanson, R. K. (2017, June). Dynamic risk assessment for individuals with a history of sexual crime: Reassessment improves prediction. Symposium at the Canadian Psychological Association Annual Convention, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [PDF of PowerPoint]
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Brouillette-Alarie, S., & Hanson, R. K. (2015). Comparaison de deux mesures d’évaluation du risque de récidive des délinquants sexuels [Comparison of two measures of recidivism risk assessment of sexual offenders]. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 47(4), 292–304.
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Hanson, R. K., Helmus, L. M., & Harris, A. J. R. (2015). Assessing the risk and needs of supervised sexual offenders: A prospective study using STABLE-2007, Static-99R, and Static-2002R. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 42(12), 1205-1224.
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Hanson, R. K. & Harris, A. J. R. (2013). Criminogenic needs of sexual offenders on community supervision. In L. A. Craig, L. Dixon & T. A. Gannon (Eds.), What works in offender rehabilitation: An evidence-based approach to assessment and treatment (pp. 421-435). Wiley.
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Harris, A. J. R., & Hanson, R. K. (2010). Clinical, actuarial and dynamic risk assessment of sexual offenders: Why do things keep changing?. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 16(3), 296-310.
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Fernandez, Y. M., & Helmus, L. M. (2017). A field examination of the inter-rater reliability of the Static-99 and STABLE-2007 scored by Correctional Program Officers. Sexual Offender Treatment, 12(2), 1-9.
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Hanson, R. K., Harris, A. J. R., Scott, T.-L., & Helmus, L. (2007). Assessing the risk of sexual offenders on community supervision: The Dynamic Supervision Project (User Report No. 2007-05). Public Safety Canada.
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Hanson, R. K., Harris, A. J. R., Scott, T. L., & Helmus, L. (2007). Évaluation du risque chez les délinquants sexuels soumis à une surveillance dans la collectivité : le Projet de surveillance dynamique (Rapport Utilisateur No. 2007-05). Sécurité publique Canada, https://www.securitepublique.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/ssssng-rsk-sxl-ffndrs/ssssng-rsk-sxl-ffndrs-fra.pdf
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Risk Matrix-2000
Estimating Lifetime and Residual Risk
💥Users Manual for Lifetime and Residual Risk Calculator Revised 2024 03
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Thornton, D., Hanson, R. K., Kelley, S. M., & Mundt, J. C. (2019). Estimating lifetime and residual risk for individuals who remain sexual offense free in the community: Practical applications. Sexual Abuse, 1079063219871573.
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Hanson, R. K., Harris, A. J., Letourneau, E., Helmus, L. M., & Thornton, D. (2018). Reductions in risk based on time offense-free in the community: Once a sexual offender, not always a sexual offender. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 24(1), 48.
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Hanson, R. K., Harris, A. J. R., Helmus, L., & Thornton, D. (2014). High risk sex offenders may not be high risk forever. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 29(15), 2792-2813.
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Other Research on Sexual Recidivism Risk Assessment
💥Lee, S. C., Brankley, A. E., Hanson, R. K. (2023). There Is No Such Thing as Zero Risk of Sexual Offending.
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💥Helmus (2023). Recidivism Rates of Men Charged/Convicted of Child Pornography Offences
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Hanson, R. K., & Morton-Bourgon, K. E. (2009). The accuracy of recidivism risk assessments for sexual offenders: a meta-analysis of 118 prediction studies. Psychological assessment, 21(1), 1.
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Hanson, R. K., Harris, A. J., Scott, T. L., & Helmus, L. (2007). Assessing the risk of sexual offenders on community supervision: The Dynamic Supervision Project (Vol. 5, No. 6). Ottawa, Ontario: Public Safety Canada.
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Hanson, R. K., & Morton-Bourgon, K. (2004). Predictors of sexual recidivism: an updated metaanalysis (Corrections Research, Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada, Ottawa, Canada).
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Harris, A. J. R., & Hanson, R. K. (2004). Sex offender recidivism: A simple question (Vol. 3). Ottawa, Ontario: Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada.
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Hanson, R. K., & Harris, A. (1998). Dynamic Predictors of Sexual Recidivism, Corrections Research, Ottawa: Department of the Solicitor General Canada. Also available electronically at: http://www. sgc. gc. ca/epub/corr/e199801b/e199801b. htm.
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OTHER RESEARCH ON RECIDIVISM RISK ASSESSMENT
💥 Olver et al. (2024). Too risky to use or too risky not to . . . Risk assessment with Indigenous Persons. Psychological Bulletin. Supplemental Tables.
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💥 Olver et al (2024). Too risky to use or too risky not to . . . Risk assessment with Indigenous Persons. Psychological Bulletin. Preprint.
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